Looking at the xattr blocks in bmds1-sample-files.tar.gz
it appears that the external xattr block is being used by the "link" xattr, which tracks the hard links for each file. On those files I saw between 10 and 30 links on those files, with an xattr size between 900-3000 bytes because of the relatively long filenames (60-75 bytes each).
If this is a common workload for you, then there are a couple of options (for future filesystems at least) to change the formatting options on the MDT from the defaults. The default is to format with 2560 bytes/inode (1024 bytes for the inode itself, plus an average of 1536 bytes/inode for xattrs, directory entry, logs, etc.). Formatting the MDT with "mkfs.lustre --mdt ... --mkfsoptions='-i 5120'" would allow a 4KB xattr block for each inode. While each inode wouldn't necessarily have an xattr block, there are also directory blocks and other needs for that space. Unfortunately, it isn't possible to change this ratio for an existing MDT filesystem without a full backup/restore.
Thanks for all the help. It might have been the addition of a filer that is being backed up on this cluster that has 284 million files...